- Openssl Generate Certificate With Extended Key Usage Fields
- Openssl Generate Public Private Key
- Openssl Create Certificate Key Usage
To generate a self-signed certificate with OpenSSL, run the following commands: openssl req -new -text -out cert.req openssl rsa -in privkey.pem -out cert.pem openssl req -x509 -in cert.req -text -key cert.pem -out cert.cert; To provide your own certificate, complete the following steps: Modify the ownership of the CAcerts.crt file to postgres.
Use openssl to create an x509 self-signed certificate authority (CA), certificate signing request (CSR), and resulting private key with IP SAN and DNS SAN
- Dec 30, 2008 Update: if you don't have access to a machine with OpenSSL, I created a website to generate certs using the procedure described here. Read through the procedure, and then use the website listed at the end.
- To see what curve names are supported by OpenSSL, use: openssl ecparam -listcurves (For optimal interoperability, stick to NIST curve P-256, that OpenSSL knows under the name 'prime256v1'.) Once you have a DSA or ECDSA key pair, you can generate a self-signed certificate containing the public key, and signed with the private key.
create-certs.sh
# Define where to store the generated certs and metadata. |
DIR='$(pwd)/tls' |
# Optional: Ensure the target directory exists and is empty. |
rm -rf '${DIR}' |
mkdir -p '${DIR}' |
# Create the openssl configuration file. This is used for both generating |
# the certificate as well as for specifying the extensions. It aims in favor |
# of automation, so the DN is encoding and not prompted. |
cat >'${DIR}/openssl.cnf'<<EOF |
[req] |
default_bits = 2048 |
encrypt_key = no # Change to encrypt the private key using des3 or similar |
default_md = sha256 |
prompt = no |
utf8 = yes |
# Speify the DN here so we aren't prompted (along with prompt = no above). |
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name |
# Extensions for SAN IP and SAN DNS |
req_extensions = v3_req |
# Be sure to update the subject to match your organization. |
[req_distinguished_name] |
C = US |
ST = California |
L = The Cloud |
O = Demo |
CN = My Certificate |
# Allow client and server auth. You may want to only allow server auth. |
# Link to SAN names. |
[v3_req] |
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE |
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash |
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment |
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, serverAuth |
subjectAltName = @alt_names |
# Alternative names are specified as IP.# and DNS.# for IP addresses and |
# DNS accordingly. |
[alt_names] |
IP.1 = 1.2.3.4 |
DNS.1 = my.dns.name |
EOF |
# Create the certificate authority (CA). This will be a self-signed CA, and this |
# command generates both the private key and the certificate. You may want to |
# adjust the number of bits (4096 is a bit more secure, but not supported in all |
# places at the time of this publication). |
# |
# To put a password on the key, remove the -nodes option. |
# |
# Be sure to update the subject to match your organization. |
openssl req |
-new |
-newkey rsa:2048 |
-days 120 |
-nodes |
-x509 |
-subj '/C=US/ST=California/L=The Cloud/O=My Company CA' |
-keyout '${DIR}/ca.key' |
-out '${DIR}/ca.crt' |
# |
# For each server/service you want to secure with your CA, repeat the |
# following steps: |
# |
# Generate the private key for the service. Again, you may want to increase |
# the bits to 4096. |
openssl genrsa -out '${DIR}/my-service.key' 2048 |
# Generate a CSR using the configuration and the key just generated. We will |
# give this CSR to our CA to sign. |
openssl req |
-new -key '${DIR}/my-service.key' |
-out '${DIR}/my-service.csr' |
-config '${DIR}/openssl.cnf' |
# Sign the CSR with our CA. This will generate a new certificate that is signed |
# by our CA. |
openssl x509 |
-req |
-days 120 |
-in '${DIR}/my-service.csr' |
-CA '${DIR}/ca.crt' |
-CAkey '${DIR}/ca.key' |
-CAcreateserial |
-extensions v3_req |
-extfile '${DIR}/openssl.cnf' |
-out '${DIR}/my-service.crt' |
# (Optional) Verify the certificate. |
openssl x509 -in '${DIR}/my-service.crt' -noout -text |
# Here is a sample response (truncate): |
# |
# Certificate: |
# Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption |
# Issuer: C = US, ST = California, L = The Cloud, O = My Organization CA |
# Subject: C = US, ST = California, L = The Cloud, O = Demo, CN = My Certificate |
# # .. |
# X509v3 extensions: |
# X509v3 Basic Constraints: |
# CA:FALSE |
# X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: |
# 36:7E:F0:3D:93:C6:ED:02:22:A9:3D:FF:18:B6:63:5F:20:52:6E:2E |
# X509v3 Key Usage: |
# Digital Signature, Key Encipherment |
# X509v3 Extended Key Usage: |
# TLS Web Client Authentication, TLS Web Server Authentication |
# X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: |
# IP Address:1.2.3.4, DNS:my.dns.name |
# |
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We will be signing certificates using our intermediate CA. You can use thesesigned certificates in a variety of situations, such as to secure connections toa web server or to authenticate clients connecting to a service.
Note
Filezilla sftp generate public key. The steps below are from your perspective as the certificate authority. Athird-party, however, can instead create their own private key andcertificate signing request (CSR) without revealing their private key toyou. They give you their CSR, and you give back a signed certificate. Inthat scenario, skip the
genrsa
and req
commands.Create a key¶
Our root and intermediate pairs are 4096 bits. Server and client certificatesnormally expire after one year, so we can safely use 2048 bits instead.
Note
Although 4096 bits is slightly more secure than 2048 bits, it slows down TLShandshakes and significantly increases processor load during handshakes. Forthis reason, most websites use 2048-bit pairs.
Openssl Generate Certificate With Extended Key Usage Fields
If you’re creating a cryptographic pair for use with a web server (eg,Apache), you’ll need to enter this password every time you restart the webserver. You may want to omit the
-aes256
option to create a key without apassword.Create a certificate¶
Use the private key to create a certificate signing request (CSR). The CSRdetails don’t need to match the intermediate CA. For server certificates, theCommon Name must be a fully qualified domain name (eg,
www.example.com
),whereas for client certificates it can be any unique identifier (eg, an e-mailaddress). Note that the Common Name cannot be the same as either your rootor intermediate certificate.To create a certificate, use the intermediate CA to sign the CSR. If thecertificate is going to be used on a server, use the
server_cert
extension.If the certificate is going to be used for user authentication, use theusr_cert
extension. Certificates are usually given a validity of one year,though a CA will typically give a few days extra for convenience.The
intermediate/index.txt
file should contain a line referring to this newcertificate.Verify the certificate¶
The Issuer is the intermediate CA. The Subject refers to the certificateitself.
Openssl Generate Public Private Key
The output will also show the X509v3 extensions. When creating thecertificate, you used either the
server_cert
or usr_cert
extension. Theoptions from the corresponding configuration section will be reflected in theoutput.Use the CA certificate chain file we created earlier (
ca-chain.cert.pem
) toverify that the new certificate has a valid chain of trust.Deploy the certificate¶
You can now either deploy your new certificate to a server, or distribute thecertificate to a client. When deploying to a server application (eg, Apache),you need to make the following files available:
ca-chain.cert.pem
www.example.com.key.pem
www.example.com.cert.pem
If you’re signing a CSR from a third-party, you don’t have access to theirprivate key so you only need to give them back the chain file(
ca-chain.cert.pem
) and the certificate (www.example.com.cert.pem
).Version 1.0.4 — Last updated on 2015-12-09.
Openssl Create Certificate Key Usage
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